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The negative publicity resulting from the situation in Palestine caused the Mandate to become widely unpopular in Britain itself, and caused the United States Congress to delay granting the British vital loans for reconstruction. The British Labour Party had promised before its election in 1945 to allow mass Jewish migration into Palestine but reneged on this promise once in office. Anti-British Jewish militancy increased and the situation required the presence of over 100,000 British troops in the country. Following the Acre Prison Break and the retaliatory hanging of British sergeants by the Irgun, the British announced their desire to terminate the mandate and to withdraw by no later than the beginning of August 1948. [17] U.N. Resolution 181 (II). Future Government of Palestine, Part 1-A, Termination of Mandate, Partition and Independence". Archived from the original on 7 February 2009 . Retrieved 20 May 2017. a b c d 'A Colonial Room With a View of Jerusalem' ( Haaretz, 24 April 2012). https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/culture/2012-04-24/ty-article/a-colonial-room-with-a-view-of-Jerusalem/0000017f-deec-db22-a17f-fefd9e520000 Mattar, Philip (2003). "al-Husayni, Amin". In Mattar, Philip (ed.). Encyclopedia of the Palestinians (Reviseded.). New York: Facts On File. ISBN 978-0-8160-5764-1.

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In 1937, the Peel Commission proposed a partition between a small Jewish state, whose Arab population would have to be transferred, and an Arab state to be attached to the Emirate of Transjordan, this emirate also being part of the wider Mandate for Palestine. The proposal was rejected outright by the Arabs. The two main Jewish leaders, Chaim Weizmann and David Ben-Gurion, had convinced the Zionist Congress to approve equivocally the Peel recommendations as a basis for more negotiation. [43] [44] [45] [46] [47] In a letter to his son in October 1937, Ben-Gurion explained that partition would be a first step to "possession of the land as a whole". [48] [49] [50] The same sentiment was recorded by Ben-Gurion on other occasions, such as at a meeting of the Jewish Agency executive in June 1938, [51] as well as by Chaim Weizmann. [50] [52] In 1917 the British Government issued the Balfour Declaration which declared British support for the creation in Palestine of a " national home for the Jewish people". The declaration was enthusiastically received by many Jews worldwide, but was opposed by Palestinian and Arab leaders, who later claimed that the objective was a breach of promises made to the Sharif of Mecca in 1915, in exchange for Arab help fighting the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Copy of telegram from Epstein to Shertok" (PDF). Government of Israel. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2013 . Retrieved 3 May 2013.

Palestine Jewry and the Arab Question, 1917–1925, by Caplan, Neil. London and Totowa, NJ: F. Cass, 1978. ISBN 978-0-7146-3110-3. pp. 161–165.

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The partition plan was rejected by the Palestinian Arab leadership and by most of the Arab population. [f] [g] Meeting in Cairo on November and December 1947, the Arab League then adopted a series of resolutions endorsing a military solution to the conflict.The second census, of 1931, gave a total population of 1,035,154 of whom 73.4% were Muslim, 16.9% Jewish and 8.6% Christian. Kamel, Lorenzo. "Whose Land? Land Tenure in Late Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-Century Palestine", "British Journal of Middle Eastern studies" (April 2014), 41, 2, pp.230–242. In 1926, the British authorities formally decided to use the traditional Arabic and Hebrew equivalents to the English name, i.e. filasţīn (فلسطين) and pālēśtīnā (פּלשׂתינה) respectively. The Jewish leadership proposed that the proper Hebrew name should be ʾĒrēts Yiśrāʾel (ארץ ישׂראל, Land of Israel). The final compromise was to add the initials of the Hebrew proposed name, Alef- Yod, within parenthesis (א״י), whenever the Mandate's name was mentioned in Hebrew in official documents. [10] The Arab leadership saw this compromise as a violation of the mandate terms. Some Arab politicians suggested " Southern Syria" (سوريا الجنوبية) as the Arabic name instead. The British authorities rejected this proposal; according to the Minutes of the Ninth Session of the League of Nations' Permanent Mandates Commission: During the Mandate, the Yishuv grew from one-sixth to almost one-third of the population. According to official records, 367,845 Jews and 33,304 non-Jews immigrated legally between 1920 and 1945. [131] It was estimated that another 50–60,000 Jews and a marginal number of Arabs, the latter mostly on a seasonal basis, immigrated illegally during this period. [132] Immigration accounted for most of the increase of Jewish population, while the non-Jewish population increase was largely natural. [133] Of the Jewish immigrants, in 1939 most had come from Germany and Czechoslovakia, but in 1940–1944 most came from Romania and Poland, with an additional 3,530 immigrants arriving from Yemen during the same period. [134] Herzog, Chaim and Gazit, Shlomo: The Arab-Israeli Wars: War and Peace in the Middle East from the 1948 War of Independence to the Present, p. 46