The Life and Work of John Richardson Illingworth, M.A., D.D: As Portrayed by His Letters and Illustrated by Photographs (Classic Reprint)

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Scales started her career in 1951 as an assistant stage manager at the Bristol Old Vic. But she has stated "I have always wanted to be an actor". [9] Throughout her career, she has often been cast in comic roles. Her early work included the (now believed to be lost) second UK adaptation of Pride and Prejudice (1952), Laxdale Hall (1953), Hobson's Choice (1954), The Matchmaker on Broadway (1955), Room at the Top (1959) and Waltz of the Toreadors (1962). Ransom, Teresa (2005). Prunella: The Authorised Biography of Prunella Scales. London, UK: John Murray. p.237. ISBN 9780719556975. Cantelon, John Edward (1951). John Richardson Illingworth: Philosophical Theologian (PhD thesis). Oxford: Oxford University Press. OCLC 54824068. Illingworth, J.R. (1889). "The Problem of Pain: Its Bearing on Faith in God". In Gore, Charles (ed.). Lux Mundi. Illingworth's relative Christian orthodoxy distinguished him not only from contemporary idealists in general, but also from some of the other theistic idealists. It also made him turn against the excess of subjectivism and of the emphasis on feeling and individual, inner experience and private judgement in modern liberal theology, against which he sought to uphold the objective authority of the external, institutional life of the church and its dogmas and traditions. His strong aesthetic interests were satisfied by the sacraments and liturgy of the church as much as by the contemplation of nature. Although he accepted the scientific hypothesis of evolution and shared a broad Victorian faith in moral progress, he turned, especially towards the end of his life, against facile progressivism. And although he oscillated between orthodoxy and modern interpretations in his Christology and Trinitology, revelation and the dogma that necessarily followed from it, and the historical fact of the Incarnation, were the points of departure of his philosophy. The concrete particularity of Christ's historical personality is prior to, and controls and restrains, abstract speculation on the nature of God. An answer to the question of God's relation to the world is suggested by the analogy of our own experience as conscious persons of combined transcendence and immanence, but it is the doctrines of the Trinity and the Incarnation that best embrace and express both these complementary aspects.

Scales was born in Sutton Abinger, Surrey, the daughter of Catherine ( née Scales), an actress, and John Richardson Illingworth, a cotton salesman. [4] [5] Scales had a younger brother, Timothy "Timmo" Illingworth (1934–2017). [6] The International Who's Who of Women 2002, 3rd edition, ed. Elizabeth Sleeman, Europa Publications, 2000 Ad hoc: Tesco thinks again as Dotty takes her leave". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022 . Retrieved 9 January 2021. Howse, Christopher (7 October 2018). "Great Canal Journeys series 9 episode 1 review: an emotional but unrooted glimpse of life with dementia". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022 – via www.telegraph.co.uk.Ransom, Teresa (2005). Prunella: The Authorised Biography of Prunella Scales. London, UK: John Murray. p.43. ISBN 9780719556975. Illingworth's thought underwent little development. Most of the major themes in his philosophy are introduced in his first major work, the Bampton Lectures on Personality Human and Divine (1894), and his subsequent books, Divine Immanence (1898), Reason and Revelation (1901), Christian Character (1904), The Doctrine of the Trinity (1907), Divine Transcendence (1911) and The Gospel Miracles (1915), restate, expand or refine the basic arguments with only minor modifications and shifts of emphasis. The most important of the latter are the greater stress on divine transcendence and, with the experience of the First World War, on the reality of sin and evil. Illingworth, J.R. (1889). "The Incarnation in Relation to Development". In Gore, Charles (ed.). Lux Mundi. a b "Prunella Scales and Timothy West: Dementia won't break our 60-year love story". BBC News. 15 November 2023. England, Richard (1997). Aubrey Moore and the Anglo-Catholic Assimilation of Science in Oxford (PhD thesis). Toronto: University of Toronto. hdl: 1807/11055. ISBN 978-0-612-27641-3.

Scales joins Carrie's War in West End". OfficialLondonTheatre.com. 6 March 2009 . Retrieved 31 October 2017. Scales is married to the actor Timothy West, with whom she has two sons; the elder is actor and director Samuel West. Their younger son Joseph participated in two episodes of Great Canal Journeys filmed in France. Scales also has a step-daughter, Juliet, by West's first marriage.

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Illingworth, J.R. (1898). Divine Immanence: An Essay on the Spiritual Significance of Matter. London: Macmillan and Co. Bengtsson, Jan Olof (2006). "Illingworth, John Richardson (1848–1915)". In Grayling, A.C.; Goulder, Naomi; Pyle, Andrew (eds.). The Continuum Encyclopedia of British Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-975469-4. Great Canal Journeys: how a bittersweet boating show captured viewers' hearts". The Guardian. 21 October 2019 . Retrieved 9 January 2021. From 1872 to 1883, Illingworth was a Fellow and Tutor of Jesus College, Oxford, and a Tutor of Keble College, Oxford. [18] He was ordained in the Church of England as a deacon in 1875 and as a priest in 1876. [19] From 1883 until his death, he was Rector of St Mary's Church, Longworth in the Diocese of Oxford. [18] He was also a Select Preacher of the University of Oxford from 1882 to 1891 and of the University of Cambridge from 1884 to 1895. [18] In 1894, he gave the Bampton Lectures at the University of Oxford; the series was titled "Personality, Human and Divine". [20] He was made an honorary canon of Christ Church, Oxford, on 6 February 1905. [21] Personal life [ edit ] Ransom, Teresa (2005). Prunella: The Authorised Biography of Prunella Scales. London, UK: John Murray. ISBN 9780719556975.

Tesco to resurrect 'Dotty' concept in major Christmas TV ad campaign". www.campaignlive.co.uk . Retrieved 9 January 2021. Avis, Paul (1989). "The Atonement". In Wainwright, Geoffrey (ed.). Keeping the Faith: Essays to Mark the Centenary of Lux Mundi. London. p.137. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link) Cited in Young 1992, p.7. Great Canal Journeys: how a bittersweet boating show captured viewers' hearts". The Guardian. 21 October 2019. In 2006, Scales appeared alongside Academy Award winners Vanessa Redgrave and Maximilian Schell in the mini-series The Shell Seekers. Credits". Strangerdangershort.co.uk. 2015. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016 . Retrieved 21 July 2015.A central issue that distinguished the movement of personal idealism was its insistence, against the Absolute idealists, that the Absolute must be understood as personal and identical with the God of theism, that personality is not essentially finite and relative. Illingworth was one among many who cited and developed Lotze's argument that finitude is not a precondition of personality, but rather a hindrance to its full development, and that perfect personality was therefore to be found only in God. Illingworth defended the fundamental theistic position that God is self-contained and independent of necessary relation to creation, turning against the pantheistic position of German idealism and later process theology according to which God realizes himself through the evolutionary development of the universe and is thus dependent on the latter: ‘we might say that His purpose is increasingly realized, but not His person’ ( Divine Transcendence, p. 49). But in contradistinction to the personal idealists Rashdall and Sorley, he also rejected the conception of the Absolute as the ‘totality of all existence’, ‘the world-ground together with the world’, ‘God together with creation’, as ‘practically meaningless’, since ‘we can attach no common predicate, beyond that of bare existence, to such an absolute’ ( Divine Transcendence, p. 14). He insisted that John Richardson Illingworth was born in London on 26 June 1848 and died in Longworth, Oxfordshire on 21 August 1915. He was the son of a prison chaplain in London, was educated at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and became Fellow of Jesus College and tutor at Keble College at the same university in 1872. He was ordained priest in 1876. For reasons of health he withdrew from academic life to the rectory of Longworth, Oxfordshire, in 1883, where he remained for the rest of his life despite several offers of academic positions. He declined to give the Gifford Lectures in 1902, but received an honorary doctorate of divinity from Edinburgh University in the same year. Illingworth became a member of the Lux Mundi group and contributed two essays to Lux Mundi in 1889. Illingworth was born in London on 26 June 1848 [8] to an Anglo-Catholic family, [9] the second son of Edward Arthur Illingworth (1807–1883), chaplain to Middlesex House of Correction, [10] and his wife, Mary Taylor. [11] He was educated at St Paul's School, an all-boys public school in London. [12] As a child, he worshipped at St Alban's Church, Holborn, and at All Saints, Margaret Street. [12] He won both an exhibition and a scholarship to attend the University of Oxford. [13] He then studied literae humaniores ( classical studies) at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and achieved first-class honours in both mods and greats, [14] graduating in 1871 with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree. [15] Illingworth, J.R. (1907). The Doctrine of the Trinity Apologetically Considered. London: Macmillan and Co. In 2000, Scales appeared in the film The Ghost of Greville Lodge as Sarah. The same year, she appeared as Eleanor Bunsall in Midsomer Murders ' "Beyond the Grave". In 2001, she appeared in two episodes of Silent Witness ' "Faith" as Mrs Parker. In 2003, she appeared as Hilda, "she who must be obeyed", wife of Horace Rumpole, in four BBC Radio 4 plays, with Timothy West playing her fictional husband. Scales and West toured Australia at the same time in different productions. Scales appeared in a one-woman show called An Evening with Queen Victoria, which also featured the tenor Ian Partridge singing songs written by Prince Albert. Scales has performed An Evening with Queen Victoria more than 400 times, in theatres around the world, over the course of 30 years. [14]

Scales's husband first noticed that she was having minor difficulties when she was performing in a play in 2001. She was eventually diagnosed with vascular dementia in 2014. The diagnosis did not prevent her from taking part in Great Canal Journeys, in which she and her husband spoke openly about her illness. [30] Her declining health led the couple to leave the series in 2019. [31] Interviewed for the BBC in 2023, soon after celebrating their diamond wedding anniversary, West said, with reference to Scales's dementia: "Somehow we have coped with it and Pru doesn't really think about it." [30] Honours [ edit ] As in the broader current of personal idealism, a realistic element was introduced by the understanding of ultimate reality as individual persons in reciprocal relations, and also by a stronger emphasis on the independent reality of external nature, yet in its retention of the concept of the Absolute, and in its epistemology, its ethics, and its aesthetics, Illingworth's philosophy is clearly idealistic in a broader sense. The religious significance of matter and nature as revealing the presence of divine Spirit, as well as of the indwelling of God in man, were especially emphasized in Illingworth's early works, but in these he already rejected pure immanence and pantheism: ‘Spirit which is merely immanent in matter, without also transcending it, cannot be spirit at all; it is only another aspect of matter, having neither self-identity nor freedom.’ Pantheism ‘is merely materialism grown sentimental’ ( Divine Immanence, p. 69). In Divine Transcendence he turned against R. J. Campbell's radical immanentism and sentimentalism in The New Theology (1907). Noting the increasingly pantheistic use of the term ‘divine immanence’, which threatened moral freedom and blurred the distinction between good and evil, Illingworth regretted his earlier use, in Lux Mundi, of the expression ‘higher pantheism’, and, following Coleridge and the older criticism of pantheism, argued that without the notion of transcendence, ‘we can no longer distinguish between God and the universe except as different aspects of one and the same thing … they are only different ways of describing the same reality, which may equally well be called nature or God’ ( Divine Transcendence, pp. 68–9). Elaborating on such criticism, Illingworth argued, in a way that anticipates the later theological reaction against liberal idealism, that God is ‘our infinite and absolute Other. He is all that we are not’ ( Divine Transcendence, p. 16), and that the whole significance of ‘God's indwelling presence or immanence within us … depends upon the fact that God is our eternal Other, and not our self’ ( Divine Transcendence, p. 17). Illingworth was critical of mysticism for its obliteration of the distinction between God and man. ‘Man at the centre of his being is not God, but is capable of receiving God ( capax deitatis), while, as the result of that reception, his own individuality, his own “peculiar difference” is not pantheistically obliterated, but divinely intensified’ ( Divine Transcendence, p. 18) But he still insisted that both transcendence and immanence were necessary, as correlative conceptions guarding against undue confusion and separation respectively. Illingworth, J.R. (1911). Divine Transcendence and Its Reflection in Religious Authority. London: Macmillan and Co. Scales voiced the speaking ("cawing") role of Magpie, the eponymous thief in a 2003 recording of Gioachino Rossini's opera La gazza ladra ( The Thieving Magpie). Illingworth, J.R. (1915). The Gospel Miracles: An Essay with Two Appendices. London: Macmillan and Co.Illingworth, whose books were translated into Chinese and Japanese, was perhaps the most widely influential British representative of a nineteenth-century current of thought which sought to establish a synthesis of characteristic themes of modern idealistic philosophy and Christian theism by focusing on the concept of the person. This tradition of more or less idealistic personalism in philosophy and theology, whose British branch was represented also by A. Seth Pringle-Pattison, J. Seth, H. Rashdall, C.C. J. Webb, W. R. Sorley and others, was first developed through the impulse of F. H. Jacobi's criticism of the pantheistic, atheistic and nihilistic consequences of Enlightenment rationalism, and subsequently through the main systems of post-Kantian idealism developed in Germany in the first years of the nineteenth century by Schelling, by some mainly ‘right-wing’ Hegelians, by the so-called ‘speculative theists’ and others. Although this current seems to have already, at least indirectly, inspired S. T. Coleridge's criticism of pantheism, on which Illingworth also drew, it was mainly in R. H. Lotze's form that it reached Britain, and provided intellectual guidance and inspiration for those who saw in British absolute idealism as well as in naturalism new threats to the status of the individual person, to the truths of religion and morality, and to freedom. In 1992 Scales appeared on BBC Radio 4's Desert Island Discs. Her chosen book was the Complete Works of Shakespeare in German, the Bible in Russian, and a Russian dictionary; her luxury item was "a huge tapestry kit". [24]